A Program For Geometrical Pattern Recognition Based On The Linguistic Method Of The Description And Analysis Of Geometrical Structures
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T h e o r g a n i z a t i o n o f a p r o g r a m f o r l i n g u i s t i c a n a l y s i s o f g e o m e t r i c a l p a t t e r n s i s d e s c r i b e d . T h e p r o g r a m b e l o n g s t o t h e s y s t e m o f p a t t e r n r e c o g n i t i o n f o r i n d u s t r i a l d r a w i n g s a n d o b j e c t s [ 1 , 2 , 7 ] W e s t a r t e d f r o m t h e f o r m a l i s m s u g g e s t e d b y E v a n s [ 3 , 4 ] . I n c o m p l e t i n g p r a c t i c a l t a s k s , w e h a v e d e v e l o p e d t h e m e t h o d s o f e c o n o m i c a l g r a m m a r c o n s t r u c t i o n , e x a c t d e s c r i p t i o n o f v a r i o u s g e o m e t r i c a l r e l a t i o n s b e t w e e n p a t t e r n e l e m e n t s a n d o u r p r o g r a m i m p l e m e n t a t i o n . The p r o g r a m i s w r i t t e n i n FORTRAN w i t h t h e u s e o f t h e L I D I T 2 l i s t p r o c e s s i n g s y s t e m L 5 ,6 3 . I n t r o d u c t i o n T h e p r o g r a m i s a s p a r t o f t h e s o f t w a r e o f t h e i n d u s t r i a l p a t t e r n r e c o g n i t i o n s y s t e m p r e s e n t e d b y T.Vamos a n d Z . V a s s y i n t h e i r p a p e r s C I , 7 1 . The p r o g r a m v a r i a n t r u n n i n g a t p r e s e n t o n t h e C D C 3 3 0 0 c o m p u t e r i s u s e d f o r t h e r e c o g n i t i o n o f t w o d i m e n s i o n a l p a t t e r n s , l i k e t h o s e .shown o n F i g . 1 . The d e s c r i p t i o n o f t h e p r i m i t i v e c o n s i s t s o f i t s i d e n t i f i e r a r i d q u a n t i t a t i v e a t t r i b u t e s : T h e o b j e c t may be d e s c r i b e d b y b e g i n n i n g w i t h a n a r b i t r a r y n o d e a n d i n a n a r b i t r a r y d i r e c t i o n . E v e r y p r i m i t i v e i s s u p p o s e d t o b e d e s c r i b e d o n l y o n c e . T h e a n a l y s i s o f t h e i n p u t l i s t i s p e r f o r m e d o n t h e b a s i s o f g r a m m a r t h e s t r u c t u r a l d e s c r i p t i o n o f p a t t e r n s " f a m i l i a r " t o t h e c o m p u t e r . W e h a v e s t a r t e d f r o m t h e f o r m a l i s m s u g g e s t e d b y E v a n s [ 3 , 4 ] a n d w e h a v e d e v e l o p e d i t i n t h e s e n s e o f t h e p o s s i b i l i t y o f t h e e x a c t d e s c r i p t i o n o f t h e v a r i o u s g e o m e t r i c a l 628 g e o m e t r i c a l r e l a t i o n s b e t w e e n t h e p a t t e r n e l e m e n t s a r e c o m p l e x a n d v a r i o u s : e q u i v a l e n c e o f e n d p o i n t s o f l i n e s e g m e n t s a n d a r c s , p a r a l l e l n e s s a n d p e r p e n d i c u l a r i t y o f l i n e s , e q u a l i t y a n d n o n e q u a l i t y o f l e n g t h s o f s e g m e n t s a n d c u r v a t u r e s o f a r c s , a c e r t a i n d i s p o s i t i o n o f p o i n t s w i t h r e s p e c t t o a p a r t i c u l a r l i n e , e t c . The i n p u t i n f o r m a t i o n f o r t h e p r o g r a m i s a l i s t o f t h e p r i m i t i v e s o f t he g e o m e t r i c a l p a t t e r n , v i z . l i n e .segment ( h e r e i n a f t e r : l i n e ) , a r c a n d s m a l l i n d e f i n i t e e l e m e n t ( F i g . 2 ) . A n i n p u t l i s t i n e i t h e r o b t a i n e d i n t h e f o r m o f b i n a r y i n f o r m a t i o n f r o m a s m a l l c o m p u t e r ( C 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 ) a s a r e s u l t o f t h e f e a t u r e e x t r a c t i o n p r o c e d u r e o n a r e a l o b j e c t ( a s t o t h e o b t e n t i o n a n d o r g a n i z a t i o n o f t h i s l i s t o f . [ 2 ] ) , o r i t may be a m a n u a l l y p r e p a r e d l i s t o f p r i m i t i v e : ; o f a n i d e a l g e o m e t r i c a l o b j e c t . 'J' h e o r i g i n a n d o r g a n i z a t i o n o f t h e i n p u t l i s t a r e n o t r e l e v a n t f o r t h e w o r k i n g o f t h e p r o g r a m . The g r a m m a r i s r e p r e s e n t e d b y a s t i i t i c l i n t s t r u c t u r e . G e o m e t r i c a l r e l a t i o n s a n d s t r u c t u r a l t r a n s f o r m a t i o n s o f q u a n t i t a t i v e i n f o r m a t i o n , i n c l u d e d i n t h e s y t i t e m , a r e i m p l e m e n t e d a s a s e t o f s u b r o u t i n e s . T h e p r o g r a m a l g o r i t h m t o o r g a n i z e t h e a n a l y s i s i s g r a m m a r i n d e p e n d e n t , b u t t h e p a s s i n g o f t h e p r o g r a m c o n t r o l t o t h e p r o g r a m s e g m e n t s t o p r o c e s s t h e q u a n t i t a t i v e i n f o r m a t i o n i s c o n t r o l l e d b y t h e g r a m m a r a n d v i c e v e r s a , i . e . t h e t a k i n g o f i n f o r m a t i o n o u t o f t h e g r a m m a r i s c o n t r o l l e d b y t h e r e s u l t s . o f t h e p r o c e s s i n g o f t h e q u a n t i t a t i v e i n f o r m a t i o n a b o u t t h e a c t u a l o b j e c t ( a n d b y t h e g i v e n a t r a t e g y o f t h e u s e o f t h e g r a m m a r a s w e l l ) . r e l a t i o n s b e t w e e n s u b p a t t e r n s , t h e e c o n o m i c a l c o n s t r u c t i o n o f g r a m m a r s a n d t h e p r o g r a m i m p l e m e n t a t i o n . T h e t e r m i n a l s y m b o l s o f t h e g r a m m a r c o r r e s p o n d t o t h e p r i m i t i v e s o f t h e p a t t e r n s , w h i l e t h e n o n t e r m i n a l s y m b o l s c o r r e s p o n d t o t h e s u b p a t t e r n s . The n o n t e r m i n a l s y m b o l s l i k e t h e t e r m i n a l o n e s h u v e q u a n t i t a t i v e c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s , t o o . T h e r e w r i t i n g r u l e s h a v e t h e f o l l o w i n g f o rm : L e f t s i d e n o n t e r m i n a l s y m b o J ^ i ( F i n i t e s e t o f r i g h t s i d e t e r m i n a l a n d n o n t e r m i n a l s y m b o l s ) { R e l a t i o n s b e t w e e n r i g h t s i d e s y m b o l s o r b e t w e e n t h e i r q u a n t i t a t i v e a t t r i b u t e s ) ( D e f i n i t i o n o f t h e q u a n t i t a t i v e a t t r i b u t e s o f t h e l e f t ; . ; i d e n o n t e r m i n a l s y m b o l b y t h e q u a n t i t a t i v e a t t r i b u t e s o f t h e r i g h t s i d e s y m b o l s ) ( I n d i c a t i o n o f t h e s y m m e t r i c a l q u a n t i t a t i v e a t t r i b u t e s ) * T h e g e o m e t r i c a l r e l a t i o n s p e r m i t t e d i n t h e s y s t e m a n d t h e o p e r a t i o n s t o o b t a i n t h e q u a n t i t a t i v e a t t r i b u t e s o f t h e n o n t e r m i n a l s y m b o i t i a r e d e s c r i b e d s e p a r a t e l y a n d i n t e r p r e t e d i n t h e s y s t e m u s s e p a i n t e p r o g r a m s e g m e n t s . T h e i r s e t c a n b e c o n v e n i e n t l y e x t e n d e d a s m u c h a s t h e s y s t e m d e v e l o p s . F i g u r e 3 d e s c r i b e s a c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s c r e w p o r t i o n r e p r e s e n t e d i n F i g . 1 . H e r e t h e t e r m i n a l s y m b o l : ; c o n s i s t o f l o w e r c a s e l e t t e r s , a n d t h e n o n t e r r n i n a o n e s o f c a p i t a l l e t t e r s . T h e q u a n t i t a t i v a t t r i b u t e s o f t h e l e f t s i d e s y m b o l : ; a r e d e n o t e d b y u n s u b s c r i p t e d l e t t e r s , t h o s e o f t h e r i g h t s i d e s y m b o l s b y s u b s c r i p t e d l e t t e r s ; t h e s u b s c r i p t i n d i c a t e s t h e o r d i n a l n u m b e r o f t h e c o r r e s p o n d i n g r i g h t s i d e s y m b o l i n t h e r u l e . The r u l e s a r e n u m b e r e d . The o u t p u t o f t h e p r o g r a m i n t h e c o u r s e o f i t s o p e r a t i o n a s a n i n d e p e n d e n t p r o g r a m ( e . g . t o t e s t new g r a m m a r s ) i s t h e p r i n t i n g o f t h e n a m e s o f t h e p a t t e r n s r e c o g n i z e d b y t h e p r o g r a m o n t h e i n p u t l i s t a s w e l l a s t h a t o f t h e d e s c r i p t i o n o f t h e c o m p l e t e a n a l y s i s t r e e . B y u s i n g t h e p r o g r a m i n s y s t e m [ 1 ] o n l y t h e e n d r e s u l t s a r e t r a n s m i t t e d t h r o u g h t h e common d a t a f i e l d f o r o t h e r p r o g r a m s .
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